Objective To observe the influence of different material carriers on the disinfection effect of hydrogen peroxide, and to provide reference for the implementation and evaluation of disinfection effects of hydrogen peroxide on different disinfection objects in practical applications. Methods The carrier immersion quantitative bactericidal test method was used to test the killing effect of hydrogen peroxide on the contaminated microorganisms on the carriers of different materials. Results Using 10 g/L hydrogen peroxide disinfectant to soak three types of carriers contaminated with Escherichia coli, the disinfection effects on cloth sheets and stainless steel sheets were better than that on filter paper sheets (P<0.05); Using 30 g/L hydrogen peroxide disinfectant to soak three types of carriers contaminated with Candida albicans, the disinfection effect on cloth was better than that on stainless steel sheets and filter paper sheets (P<0.05); Using 30 g/L hydrogen peroxide disinfectant to soak three types of carriers contaminated with spores of Bacillus subtilis var. niger for 2 h, the disinfection effect of the stainless steel group was better than that of the cloth group and filter paper group (P<0.05); Using 30 g/L hydrogen peroxide disinfectant to spray three types of carriers contaminated with Escherichia coli, the disinfection effect on stainless steel sheets was better than that of cloth sheets and filter paper sheets (P<0.01); Using 60 g/L hydrogen peroxide disinfectant to spray three types of carriers contaminated with Candida albicans and Bacillus subtilis var. niger spores, the disinfection effect on stainless steel sheets was overall better than that of cloth sheets and filter paper sheets (P<0.01). Conclusion Different material carriers have an impact on the disinfection effect of hydrogen peroxide, and different disinfection methods also have an impact on the disinfection effect of different material carriers. When formulating disinfection plans, implementing disinfection processes, and evaluating disinfection effect, it is necessary to consider the impact of disinfection object materials and disinfection methods on disinfection effect.
Objective To understand the contamination status of three key organic by-products in drinking water in Qiqihar urban area, and to provide scientific basis for ensuring the hygiene and safety of drinking water. Methods Headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC) was used to detect the levels of trichloromethane, trichloroacetaldehyde, and carbon tetrachloride in drinking water in the urban area. Results The three-year monitoring data showed that the detection rates of trichloromethane, trichloroacetaldehyde, and carbon tetrachloride in drinking water were 47.33%, 9.67%, and 0.00%, respectively, and all detection values were within the qualified range. The detection rates of trichloromethane and trichloroacetaldehyde showed a fluctuating upward trend between different years. The detection rate of trichloromethane during the dry season was higher than that during the wet season, but its concentration distribution characteristics showed that the average concentration during the dry season was lower than that during the wet season. The detection rate of trichloroacetaldehyde was generally low during the dry season. The maximum detection value of trichloromethane was 57 μg/L, which was close to the standard limit. Conclusion The content of three organic by-products in drinking water in Qiqihar city does not exceed the standard, and the HS-GC method established is suitable for promotion and application. Water quality monitoring and supervision work should be continuously strengthened.
Objective To observe the disinfection effect and physicochemical properties of two kinds of peracetic acid disinfectants on flexible endoscopes. Methods On-site simulated disinfection experiments and physicochemical analysis methods were used to observe the disinfection effect and physicochemical properties of two kinds of peracetic acid disinfectants on flexible endoscopes. Results Flexible endoscopes were soaked in two kinds of peracetic acid disinfectants with a concentration of 1 000 mg/L for 5 min, and the killing logarithm values of Bacillus subtilis var. niger spores contaminated on the instruments were both >3.00. Two kinds of peracetic acid disinfectants still maintained qualified disinfection effects after using continuously for 14 d. Conclusion The two kinds of peracetic acid disinfectants used in this study have stable performance and good disinfection effects on flexible endoscopes.
Objective To verify the disinfection effect of a compound quaternary ammonium salt disinfectant on microbiology laboratories. Methods Suspension quantitative bactericidal test and carrier quantitative bactericidal test were used to verify the bactericidal effect of the compound quaternary ammonium salt disinfectant. Results In the microbial counting method for the compound quaternary ammonium salt disinfectant, pH 7.0 sterile sodium chloride-peptone buffer containing 3% polysorbate 80 and 0.3% lecithin was used as the diluent, and the recovery rate of 5 standard bacteria could meet the requirements of 0.5~2 with a dilution level of 1:10 and an inoculation volume of 1 mL/dish. In the verification test of disinfectant bactericidal effect, when using the suspension method, the killing logarithm values of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli were all >5.00, and the killing logarithm values of Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger were all ≥4.00, and the killing logarithm values of environmental microorganisms were all ≥3.00; When using the carrier method, the killing logarithm values of standard bacterial strains and environmental microorganisms on several material carriers were all ≥3.00. Conclusion The compound quaternary ammonium salt disinfectant has a good killing effect on standard bacterial strains and environmental microorganisms, and can be used for disinfection in pharmaceutical microbiology laboratories.
Objective To investigate the terminal disinfection effect of biosafety level 3 laboratory for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and to provide reference for the optimization of terminal disinfection methods in P3 laboratory. Methods The carrier qualitative bactericidal test method was used to observe the terminal disinfection effect of a P3 level biosafety laboratory. Results Uunder the steam fumigation condition of 12.8 g/m3 hydrogen peroxide in the laboratory space using a vaporized hydrogen peroxide disinfection machine, the culture results of the test bacteria control, indicator bacteria, and test bacteria in the operating environment at 25 distribution points in the laboratory were all sterile growth, while the positive control group had bacterial growth in all cultures. Conclusion Under the conditions of this experiment, the use of a vaporized hydrogen peroxide disinfection machine meets the requirements for terminal disinfection of environmental equipment and space in a P3 level biosafety laboratory.
Objective To observe the disinfection effect of hydrogen peroxide aerosol spray method on the surface of objects. Methods Simulated field and on-site disinfection test methods were used to observe and evaluate the effect of hydrogen peroxide aerosol spray disinfection on the surface of objects. Results The natural bacterial method was used to evaluate the disinfection effect on the surface of non-woven objects, and it could achieve the disinfection effect; but it could not achieve the disinfection effect when evaluating the surface of fabric type objects; The use of indicator microbial method to evaluate the disinfection effect of space disinfection on the surface of objects could not achieve the disinfection effect. Conclusion Under the conditions of this experiment, using 10~30 g/L hydrogen peroxide aerosol spray for space disinfection cannot ensure the disinfection effect on the surface of objects.
Objective To understand the risk factors for wound infection in burn patients and to provide reference materials for formulating preventive measures. Methods The risk factors for wound infection in hospitalized burn patients were analyzed through literature retrieval and Meta-analysis. Results A total of 34 research articles were included, including 20 retrospective cohort studies and 14 case-control studies, involving a total of 10 748 burn patients. Meta-analysis revealed that nine factors, including age ≥60 years, operation duration ≥3 h, length of stay ≥30 d, invasive procedures, serum albumin ≤35 g/L, presence of scars, and ICU admission, were risk factors for wound infection in burn patients. Conclusion The study has found that nine risk factors affect wound infection in burn patients, which should be highly regarded in clinical practice, and preventive measures should be actively implemented.
Objective To investigate the current status of the processing of ophthalmic surgical instruments in hospitals across the country, and to provide data support for improving the cleaning, disinfection, sterilization, and reprocessing procedure of ophthalmic instruments. Methods An online questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the current status of ophthalmic surgical instrument processing in 495 hospitals of different levels in 29 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions across the country. Results A total of 495 questionnaires were distributed and 492 valid questionnaires were collected. 24.59% of hospital CSSDs had not undertaken the processing of ophthalmic surgical instruments; 47.59% and 33.13% of hospitals did not have dedicated cleaning personnel and assembly and packaging personnel; 69.37% of hospitals had not established dedicated cleaning areas for ophthalmic instruments and had not separated them from regular instruments for processing; 75.68% of hospital CSSDs were not equipped with specialized ophthalmic instrument cleaning equipment and tools; 38.14% of hospitals provided specialized instrument boxes and protective pads during packaging; 22.29% of hospitals did not have dedicated personnel responsible for cleaning quality inspection and evaluation, and 36.04% of hospitals did not implement quality traceability management for sterile items. Conclusion There are many aspects in the current procedure of ophthalmic surgical instrument processing in hospitals that need to be standardized and strengthened. It is recommended to establish and standardize the centralized processing process for ophthalmic surgical instruments, set up dedicated personnel and posts, equip dedicated cleaning areas, equipment and tools, and establish a full process quality control system to clarify quality inspection and supervision responsibilities, in order to ensure the effective cleaning, disinfection and sterilization of ophthalmic surgical instruments, reduce instrument wear and clinical infection risks, and improve disinfection and sterilization quality.
Objective To evaluate the disinfection capacity of disease control institutions at the municipal and county levels in Henan Province in the prevention and control of COVID-19, and to provide basis for improving the prevention and control capacity of infectious diseases in the future. Methods Questionnaire survey was used to conduct a retrospective survey on the construction of disinfection teams, personnel composition, disinfection disposal, allocation and use of disinfection drugs and equipment, and effect evaluation in the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic from 2020 to 2022 in the municipal and county level disease control and prevention institutions in the whole province, and a database was established and statistical analysis was carried out. Results A total of 175 municipal and county level disease control and prevention institutions were surveyed in the province. 91.43% of institutions had established specialized disinfection teams, with a total of 1 280 people, including 734 people from the disinfection department (57.34%) and 546 people from other departments (42.66%). Before the epidemic, 504 people (39.37%) had already engaged in disinfection work, and after the epidemic, 776 people (60.63%) were added. During the epidemic, a total of 475 batches of disinfectant products were used in the province, mainly including chlorine containing disinfectants (38.70%), alcohol disinfectants (27.80%), and peroxide disinfectants (16.00%). A total of 554 disinfection instruments were used, of which the constant spray (48.38%) and aerosol spray (37.73%) accounted for the highest proportion. 79.43% of municipal and county level epidemic prevention and control command centers had established disinfection teams. 84.00% of disease control and prevention institutions conducted on-site disinfection operations, with a significantly higher process evaluation rate (54.29%) than effect evaluation rate (34.29%), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=14.185, P<0.001). Conclusion The disinfection capacity of municipal and county level disease control and prevention institutions in Henan Province during the COVID-19 epidemic was still weak. It is suggested to further strengthen the construction of disinfection capacity in order to meet the demand for prevention and control of major infectious diseases in the future.
Objective To explore the occupational exposure status of staff in central sterile supply department (CSSD), analyze its relationship with risk perception and protective behavior, and to evaluate the effect of systematic intervention strategies. Methods Convenient sampling was used to select 302 CSSD staff from 5 comprehensive hospitals in Beijing from March 2024 to March 2025 as the research subjects. A survey was conducted using general information questionnaires, occupational exposure risk perception scales, and occupational protection knowledge, attitude, and behavior questionnaires. Combined with occupational exposure registration data from January 2022 to January 2024 in the hospital infection real-time monitoring system, single factor analysis, multiple factor logistic regression, and path analysis methods were used to explore the influencing factors of occupational exposure and implement corresponding intervention measures. Results The occupational exposure rate of CSSD staff was 27.8% (84/302). Correlation analysis showed that occupational exposure frequency was significantly negatively correlated with the total score of risk perception (r=-0.612, P<0.001) and protective behavior (r=-0.423, P<0.001), while there was a significant positive correlation between risk perception and protective behavior (r=0.588, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the total scores of risk perception, protective behavior, occupational protection training, and work experience were significant protective factors for occupational exposure (OR>1, P<0.05). The analysis of the mediating effect suggested that occupational exposure not only directly reduced the level of protective behavior, but also indirectly affected protective behavior by reducing risk perception. Risk perception played a partial mediating role between the two, with the mediating effect accounting for 40.6% of the total effect. After intervention, both groups showed significant improvements in risk perception, protective behavior, and satisfaction scores compared to before intervention, with the intervention group showing a more significant increase (P<0.001). Conclusion The incidence of occupational exposure among CSSD workers in this region is relatively high, and the level of risk perception and protective behavior is closely related to occupational exposure. By systematically intervening to enhance risk perception, protective behavior can be effectively improved, occupational exposure risks can be reduced, and it has value for promotion and application.
Objective To explore the risk factors for hospital acquired infections in patients after aortic dissection surgery, and to provide a basis for developing targeted infection prevention and control strategies in clinical practice. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to collect clinical data of patients who underwent aortic dissection surgery in a hospital from 2017 to 2021. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the relevant influencing factors of postoperative hospital infections. Results The postoperative incidence of hospital acquired infections in patients undergoing aortic dissection surgery at the hospital was 60.29%, with lower respiratory tract infections and bacteremia being the main causes. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that patients with age≥60 years and diabetes were risk factors for lower respiratory tract infection. Age≥60 years and aortic occlusion time >90 min were risk factors for bloodstream infections. Hospital stay≥30 d, age≥60 years, and diabetes were independent risk factors for nosocomial infection. Conclusion The incidence of hospital acquired infections in patients with aortic dissection after surgery is relatively high, and there are differences in risk factors for infections in different locations. Targeted prevention and control measures should be taken to reduce the risk of postoperative infections.
Objective To understand the current status and characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) resistance in clinical isolates from some hospitals in Shaoxing area. Methods Through pathogen collection, specimen testing, and isolation and cultivation, the data of Staphylococcus aureus clinically isolated from 13 hospitals in Shaoxing area was analyzed statistically. Results After removing duplicate strains, a total of 3 401 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated, including 1 117 strains of MRSA, with a MRSA detection rate of 32.8%. MRSA strains were mainly isolated from intensive care units (ICUs), general wards, and outpatient clinics. The drug sensitivity test results showed that MRSA was more sensitive to vancomycin, tigecycline, and cefuroxime. The resistance rate to erythromycin was as high as 64.3%. The difference in resistance rates of MRSA isolated from different hospitals in Shaoxing area to most antibiotics was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The drug resistance situation of MRSA isolated clinically in Shaoxing area is severe, and there are differences in drug resistance rates among different hospitals. We need to continuously strengthen regional drug resistance monitoring and standardize the use of antibiotics to curb the development of drug-resistant bacteria.
Objective To understand the current prevalence and management status of hospital acquired infections among hospitalized patients in a hospital, and to provide a basis for continuous improvement of infection prevention and control work. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate the prevalence of hospital acquired infections among hospitalized patients for three consecutive years from 2019 to 2021. The distribution of infection departments, composition of infection sites, pathogens and use of antibiotics were analyzed. Results The current incidence rates of hospital infections from 2019 to 2021 were 2.68%, 2.12%, and 2.60%, respectively. The departments with high infection rates were intensive care medicine, rehabilitation medicine, and hematology centers. Lower respiratory tract infections (38.21%) and surgical site infections (14.29%) were the main sites of infection. The pathogens were mainly gram-negative bacteria (70.99%), with the top three pathogens being Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibacterial drugs were mainly used in combination therapy, with three-year usage rates of 84.76%, 86.35%, and 87.66%, respectively. Conclusion The current infection rate among hospitalized patients in this hospital meets the relevant regulatory control standards, and it is necessary to strengthen the management and supervision of hospital infection prevention and control.
